Programming Language

Thursday, 26 December 2013

C Progran to Implement N Queen's Problem using Backtracking

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>

char a[10][10];
int n;

void printmatrix()
{
int i,j;
printf("n");
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
       {
       for(j=0;j < n;j++)
            printf("%ct",a[i][j]);
       printf("nn");
       }
}

//------------------------------------------

int getmarkedcol(int row)
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
     if(a[row][i]=='Q')
     {
     return(i);
     break;
     }
}

//------------------------------------------

int feasible(int row, int col)
{
int i,tcol;
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
     {
     tcol=getmarkedcol(i);
         if(col==tcol || abs(row-i)==abs(col-tcol))
              return 0;
     }
return 1;
}

//------------------------------------------

void nqueen(int row)
{
int i,j;
if(row < n)
{
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
     {
     if(feasible(row,i))
         {
         a[row][i]='Q';
         nqueen(row+1);
         a[row][i]='.';
         }
     }
}
else
{
printf("nThe solution is:- ");
printmatrix();
}
}

//---------------------------------

void main()
{
int i,j;
clrscr();

printf("n Enter the no. of queens:- ");
scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=0;i < n;i++)
     for(j=0;j < n;j++)
a[i][j]='.';

nqueen(0);
getch();
}

Display 2-D Array Using C++

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,j,a[3][3]={{1,2,3},
                {4,5,6},
                {7,8,9}};

for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
   for(j=0;j<3;j++)
     {
       cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
     }
cout<<"\n";
}
getch();
}

TICK TOCK GAME USING C++

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

void final();
void winner();
void condition();
void print();
void next();
void initialise();

int m=0,i,j,f=0,l=0,rw,co,k;
char a[3][3],ch='y';

class player
{
public:
char nm[20];

void getdata()
{
cout<<nm<<" enter position\n";
cout<<"row no - ";
cin>>i;
cout<<"coloumn no - ";
cin>>j;
if(i>2 || j>2)
{
getdata();
}

}
} p1,p2;

class game
{
public:
void check1()
{
//s1=clock();
final();

if(f==0)
{
condition();
if(l>0)
{
   p1.getdata();
   if(a[i][j] == 'x'|| a[i][j] =='o')
    {
     cout<<"re-enter \n";
     check1();
    }
   else
   {
    a[i][j]='x';
    print();
    check2();
   }
}
else
{
cout<<"game draw";
next();
}
}

else
{
m=1;
winner();
}

}

void check2()
{
final();

if(f==0)
{
condition();
if(l>0)
{
p2.getdata();
if(a[i][j] == 'x'||a[i][j] =='o')
{
cout<<"re-enter \n";
check2();

}

else
{
a[i][j]='o';
print();
check1();
}
}
else
{
cout<<"game draw";
next();
}
}
else
{
winner();
}

}
};

void main()
{
clrscr();
cout<<"enter name of 1st player \n";
cin>>p1.nm;
cout<<"enter name of 2nd player \n";
cin>>p2.nm;
game g;
for(i=0;i<20;i++)
{
if(ch=='y'||ch=='Y')
{
initialise();
print();
g.check1();
}
}
getch();
}

void final()
{
if((a[0][0]=='x' && a[0][1]=='x'&& a[0][2]=='x')||(a[0][0]=='o' && a[0][1]=='o'&& a[0][2]=='o'))
{
f=1;
}
else if((a[1][0]=='x'&&a[1][1]=='x'&&a[1][2]=='x')||(a[1][0]=='o'&&a[1][1]=='o'&&a[1][2]=='o'))
{
f=1;
}
else if((a[2][2]=='x'&&a[2][1]=='x'&&a[2][2]=='x')||(a[2][2]=='o'&&a[2][1]=='o'&&a[2][2]=='o'))
{
f=1;
}
else if((a[0][0]=='x'&&a[1][1]=='x'&&a[2][2]=='x')||(a[0][0]=='o'&&a[1][1]=='o'&&a[2][2]=='o'))
{
f=1;
}
else if((a[0][0]=='x'&&a[1][0]=='x'&&a[2][0]=='x')||(a[0][0]=='o'&&a[1][0]=='o'&&a[2][0]=='o'))
{
f=1;
}
else if((a[0][1]=='x'&&a[1][1]=='x'&&a[2][1]=='x')||(a[0][1]=='o'&&a[1][1]=='o'&&a[2][1]=='o'))
{
f=1;
}
else if((a[0][2]=='x'&&a[1][2]=='x'&&a[2][2]=='x')||(a[0][2]=='o'&&a[1][2]=='o'&&a[2][2]=='o'))
{
f=1;
}
else if((a[0][2]=='x'&&a[1][1]=='x'&&a[2][0]=='x')||(a[0][2]=='o'&&a[1][1]=='o'&&a[2][0]=='o'))
{
f=1;
}
else
{
f=0;
}
}

void condition()
{
l=0;
for(rw=0;rw<3;rw++)
{
for(co=0;co<3;co++)
{
   if(a[rw][co] == 'x' || a[rw][co] =='o')
   {
     k=0;
   }
   else
   {
   l++;
   }
}
}
}

void print()
{
cout<<"\n";
cout<<a[0][0]<<" | "<<a[0][1]<<" | "<<a[0][2]<<"\n";
cout<<"_"<<" "<<"_"<<" "<<"_"<<" "<<"_"<<"\n";

cout<<a[1][0]<<" | "<<a[1][1]<<" | "<<a[1][2]<<"\n";
cout<<"_"<<" "<<"_"<<" "<<"_"<<" "<<"_"<<"\n";

cout<<a[2][0]<<" | "<<a[2][1]<<" | "<<a[2][2]<<"\n";
}

void winner()
{
if(m==1)
{
cout<<p2.nm<<" is the winner\n";
next();
}
else
{
cout<<p1.nm<<" is the winner\n";
next();
}
}

void next()
{
cout<<"do you want to play another game (y/n) ??\n";
ch=getche();
}

void initialise()
{
for(rw=0;rw<3;rw++)
{
for(co=0;co<3;co++)
{
a[rw][co]=' ';
}
}
}

Sudoku solving algorithm C

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<time.h>
int a[9][9],b[9][9],r[60][2];
int row, col, icount, mode;
char solh;
void main()
{

void readvalues(void), display(void),generate(void);
int solve(),checkmat(), checkrow(), checkcolumn(),check(),isfixed();
int i,j,error;
char c;
clrscr();
printf("\t\t\t   SUDOKU SOLVER by:\n\n\t\t\t \n\t\t\t   MCA-M.Tech CSE, Lovely Professional University\n\t\t\t   Email:@hotmail.com");
printf("\n\n\n\n\t\tEnter '1' to GENERATE SuDoKu Puzzle\n\n\t\tEnter any other key to SOLVE SuDoKu\n\n\n\n\t\tEnter: ");
scanf("%c",&c);
if(c=='1')
    {
    getchar();
    generate();
    if(solh=='y' || solh=='Y')
    readvalues();
    for(i=0;i<9 br="" i="">    for(j=0;j<9 br="" j="">    a[i][j]=b[i][j];
    clrscr();
    display();
    getchar();
    getchar();
    exit(0);
    }
clrscr();
printf("\n\n\t\t\tHOW TO ENTER ELEMENTS\n");
printf("\n\n1.Enter the elements by specifying the row and column number of\n corresponding location");
printf("\n\n2.Each row and column start from 1 and end at 9 (not from 0 to 8)");
printf("\n\n3.After finishing entering the elements, enter zeroes (0)\n for row or column");
printf("\n\n4.If an element entered in a wrong location has to be deleted,\n enter zero in that location");
printf("\n\n\n\n\t\t\t Enter any key to continue");
getchar();
read:
icount=0;
row=0; col=0;
for(i=0;i<9 br="" i="">for(j=0;j<9 br="" j="">a[i][j]=0;
for(i=0;i<60 br="" i="">    {
    r[i][0]=20; r[i][1]=20;
    }
    clrscr();
    readvalues();
    getchar();
    clrscr();
    ask:
    display();
    printf("\n\nEnter 'm' to MODIFY\nEnter 'r' to RE-ENTER\nEnter any other key for SUDOKU Solution: ");
    scanf("%c",&c);
    if(c=='r' || c=='R')
        {
        clrscr();
        goto read;
        }
    if(c=='m' || c=='M')
        {
        printf("\n\n");
        readvalues();
        clrscr();
        getchar();
        goto ask;
        }
    next:
    error=solve();
    clrscr();
    display();
    if(error==0)
    printf("\n\n\n\n\rNO SUOLUTION or TOO MANY MODIFICATIONS");
    cprintf("\n\n\n\n\n\rEnter c to continue and any other key to exit: ");
    scanf("%c",&c);
    if(c=='c')
    goto read;
    getchar();
}

/*FUNTION TO READ ELEMENTS*/

void readvalues()
{
int i=icount,j,x,y,chek;
void display(void);
int check(int,int);
clrscr();
do
{
display();
printf("\n");
row:
printf("\n\nEnter row: ");
scanf("%d",&r[i][0]);
if(r[i][0]==0)
    {
    r[i][0]=100; r[i][1]=100;
    break;
    }
if(r[i][0]>10 || r[i][0]<0 br="">    {
    printf("\nInvalid size\nEnter again");
    r[i][0]=20; r[i][1]=20;
    getchar();
    goto row;
    }
column:
printf("Enter column: ");
scanf("%d",&r[i][1]);
if(r[i][1]==0)
    {
    r[i][0]=100; r[i][1]=100;
    break;
    }
if(r[i][1]<0 i="" r="">10)
    {
    printf("\nInvalid size\nEnter again\n\n");
    r[i][0]=20; r[i][1]=20;
    getchar();
    goto column;
    }
r[i][0]=r[i][0]-1; r[i][1]=r[i][1]-1;
x=r[i][0]; y=r[i][1];
if(solh=='y' || solh=='Y')
for(j=0;j    {
    if(x==r[j][0] && y==r[j][1])
        {
        printf("This location is fixed and cannot be changed");
        goto row;
        }
    else
        r[i][0]=20; r[i][1]=20;
    }
scan:
printf("Enter the corresponding number: ");
scanf("%d",&a[x][y]);
if(a[x][y]==0)
    {
    for(j=0;j        {
        if(x==r[j][0] && y==r[j][1])
            {
            r[j][0]=20; r[j][1]=20;
            goto end;
            }
        if(solh=='y' || solh=='Y')
            {
            r[i][0]=20; r[i][1]=20;
            goto end;
            }
        }
    }
if(a[x][y]>9 || a[x][y]<=0)
    {
     printf("\nNumber out of range\nEnter again\n\n");
     a[x][y]=0;
     goto scan;
     }
else
{
chek=check(x,y);
if(chek==0)
    {
    printf("\nInconsistent number\nEnter again");
    a[x][y]=0; r[i][0]=20; r[i][1]=20;
    goto row;
    }
}
if(solh!='y' && solh!='Y')
    {
    icount++; i++;
    }
end:
clrscr();
}while(r[i-1][0]!=-1 || r[i-1][1]!=-1);
}

isfixed(int count, int m, int n)
{
int i;
for(i=0;iif(m==r[i][0] && n==r[i][1])
return(1);
return(0);
}

/*FUNCTION TO DISPLAY SUDOKU*/

void display()
{
int i,j,k,fixed;
gotoxy(6,0);
for(i=0;i<10 br="" i="">    {
    if(i%3==0)
        {
        textcolor(WHITE);
        if(i!=0)
        printf("\n");
        printf("\t\t");
        for(k=0;k<45 br="" k="">        cprintf("*");
        if(i==9)
        goto end;
        }
    if(i%3!=0)
        {
        textcolor(WHITE);
        printf("\n\t\t");
        printf("|\t\t\b|\t\t\b\b|\t\t\t\b\b\b\b|");
        printf("\n\t\t");
        }
    else
    printf("\n\t\t");
    for(j=0;j<9 br="" j="">        {
        if(j%3==0)
            {
            if(a[i][j]==0)
                {
                textcolor(WHITE);
                cprintf("|");
                for(k=0;k<4 br="" k="">                printf(" ");
                }
            else
                {
                textcolor(WHITE);
                cprintf("| ",a[i][j]);
                fixed=isfixed(icount,i,j);
                if(fixed==1)
                textcolor(LIGHTRED);
                else
                textcolor(LIGHTGREEN);
                cprintf("%d ",a[i][j]);
                }
            }
        else
            {
            if(a[i][j]==0)
            for(k=0;k<5 br="" k="">            printf(" ");
            else
                {
                fixed=isfixed(icount,i,j);
                if(fixed==1)
                textcolor(LIGHTRED);
                else
                textcolor(LIGHTGREEN);
                cprintf(" %d ",a[i][j]);
                }
            }
        }textcolor(WHITE);
        cprintf("\b|");
    }end:
}

int checkmat(int m, int n)
{
int x,y;
for(x=(m/3)*3;x<((m/3)*3+3);x++)
for(y=(n/3)*3;y<((n/3)*3+3);y++)
    {
    if(m!=x && n!=y)
    if(a[m][n]==a[x][y])
    return(0);
    }
return(1);
}

int checkrow(int m, int n)
{
int x;
for(x=0;x<9 br="" x="">    {
    if(x!=n)
    if(a[m][n]==a[m][x])
    return(0);
    }
return(1);
}

int checkcolumn(int m, int n)
{
int x;
for(x=0;x<9 br="" x="">    {
    if(x!=m)
    if(a[m][n]==a[x][n])
    return(0);
    }
return(1);
}

/*FUNCTION TO CHECK CONSISTENCY OF AN ELEMENT*/

int check(int m,int n)
{
int c;
c=checkmat(m,n);
if(c==1)
c=c*checkrow(m,n);
else
return(c);
if(c==1)
c=c*checkcolumn(m,n);
else
return(c);
return(c);
}

/*FUNCTION TO SOLVE SUDOKU*/

solve()
{
int i,m=0,n=0,number,c,fixed;

mainallot:

for(m=row;m<9 br="" m="">    {
    n=col;
    while(n<9 br="">        {
        number=1;
        fixed=isfixed(icount,m,n);
        if(fixed==0)
            {
            allot:
            a[m][n]=number;
            c=check(m,n);
            if(c==0)
                {
                number++;
                if(number>9)
                    {
                    a[m][n]=0;
                    if(n==0)
                        {
                        row=m-1; col=8;
                        if(row<0 br="">                        return(0);
                        goto backadjust;
                        }
                    else
                        {
                        row=m; col=n-1;
                        if(row<0 br="" col="">                        return(0);
                        goto backadjust;
                        }
                    }
                goto allot;
                }
            }
        n++;
        if(n>8)
        col=0;
        }
    }
return(1);

backadjust:

fixed=isfixed(icount,row,col);
if(fixed==0)
    {
    number=a[row][col];
    allot1:
    number++;
    a[row][col]=number;
    if(number>9)
        {
        a[row][col]=0;
        if(col==0)
            {
            row--; col=8;
            if(row<0 br="">            return(0);
            goto backadjust;
            }
        else
            {
            col--;
            if(col<0 br="">            return(0);
            goto backadjust;
            }
        }
    c=check(row,col);
    if(c==0)
    goto allot1;
    else
        {
        if(col==8)
            {
            row++;
            if(row>8)
            return(0);
            col=0;
            goto mainallot;
            }
        else
            {
            col++;
            if(col>8)
            return(0);
            goto mainallot;
            }
        }
    }
else
    {
    if(col==0)
        {
        row--; col=8;
        if(row<0 br="">        return(0);
        goto backadjust;
        }
    else
        {
        col--;
        if(col<0 br="">        return(0);
        goto backadjust;
        }
    }
}

/*FUNCTION TO GENERATE SODOKU*/

void generate()
{
int c,i,m,n,count=1,fixed,error;
char choice;
randomize();
generate:
for(m=0;m<9 br="" m="">for(n=0;n<9 br="" n="">a[m][n]=0;
for(i=0;i<60 br="" i="">    {
    r[i][0]=20; r[i][1]=20;
    }
clrscr();
printf("\n\n\n\n\t\tEnter your choice of difficulty");
printf("\n\n\n\t\t1.VERY EASY\n\n\t\t2.EASY\n\n\t\t3.MEDIUM\n\n\t\t4.HARD\n\n\n\t\tENTER: ");
scanf("%c",&choice);
switch(choice)
    {
    case '1': mode=34+random(4);
          break;
    case '2': mode=29+random(4);
          break;
    case '3': mode=27+random(2);
          break;
    case '4': mode=25+random(2);
          break;
    default : getchar();
              goto generate;
    }
a[0][0]=1+random(8); r[0][0]=0; r[0][1]=0;
for(count=1;count<10 br="" count="">    {
    choose:
    m=random(9); n=random(9);
    fixed=isfixed(icount,m,n);
    if(fixed==1)
    goto choose;
    r[count][0]=m; r[count][1]=n;
    allot:
    a[m][n]=1+random(9);
    if(a[m][n]==0)
    goto allot;
    c=check(m,n);
    if(c==0)
    goto allot;
    }
icount=count;
error=solve();
for(m=0;m<9 br="" m="">for(n=0;n<9 br="" n="">b[m][n]=a[m][n];
row=0; col=0;
for(i=0;i<60 br="" i="">    {
    r[i][0]=20; r[i][1]=20;
    }
if(error==0)
goto generate;
for(count=0;count    {
    choose2:
    m=random(9); n=random(5);
    fixed=isfixed(count,m,n);
    if(fixed==1)
    goto choose2;
    r[count][0]=m; r[count][1]=n;
    r[count+mode/2][0]=8-m;
    r[count+mode/2][1]=8-n;
    }
for(m=0;m<9 br="" m="">for(n=0;n<9 br="" n="">    {
    fixed=isfixed(mode,m,n);
    if(fixed!=1)
    a[m][n]=0;
    }
icount=mode;
clrscr();
display();
getchar();
printf("\n\n\nEnter 'y' to solve by yourself\nEnter 's' for solution\nEnter 'm' to generate more sudoku puzzles");
printf("\nAnd any other key to exit: ");
scanf("%c", &solh);
if(solh=='y' || solh=='Y' || solh=='s' || solh=='S')
return;
getchar();
if(solh=='m' || solh=='M')
goto generate;
exit(0);
}

Sudoku in C

C++ program using multiple inheritance

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

Class Stuinfo

{

Private:

Char name [25];

Int roll;

Public:

Void getdata ()

{

Cout<<”\n Enter name”;

Cin>>name;

Cout<<”\n Enter roll”;

Cin>> roll;

}

Void display ()

{

Cout<<”\n name=”<<name;

Cout<<”\n Roll number”<<roll;

}

};

Class Stuacademicinfo

{

Private:

Char course [25];

Char semester [15];

Public:

Void getdata ()

{

Cout<<”\n Enter course name”;

Cin>>course;

Cout<<”\n Enter semester”;

Cin>>semester;

}

Void display ()

{

Cout<<”\n Course “<<course;

Cout<<”\n semester”<<semester;

};

Class stuaddressinfo: public Stuinfo, public Stuacademicinfo

{

Private:

Char address [25];

Public:

Void getdata ()

{

Stuinfo:: getdata ();

Stuacademicinfo:: getdata ();

Cout<<”\n Enter the address”;

Cin>>address;

}

Void display ()

{

Stuinfo:: display ();

Stuacademic:: display ();

Cout <<”\n Address”<<address;

};

Void main ()

{

Stuaddressinfo obj;

Obj .getdata ();

Obj.dispay ();

getch ();

}

C++ programming to virtual function

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class B
{
    public:
     virtual void display()      /* Virtual function */
         { cout<<"Content of base class.\n"; }
};

class D1 : public B
{
    public:
       void display()
         { cout<<"Content of first derived class.\n"; }
};

class D2 : public B
{
    public:
       void display()
         { cout<<"Content of second derived class.\n"; }
};

int main()
{
    B *b;
    D1 d1;
    D2 d2;

/* b->display(); // You cannot use this code here because the function of base class is virtual. */

    b = &d1;
    b->display();   /* calls display() of class derived D1 */
    b = &d2;
    b->display();   /* calls display() of class derived D2 */
    return 0;
}
*****************************************
Output
Content of first derived class.
Content of second derived class.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Virtual Function in C++ Programming
If there are member function with same name in derived classes, virtual functions gives programmer capability to call member function of different class by a same function call depending upon different context. This feature in C++ programming is known as polymorphism which is one of the important feature of OOP.